Definition and Classification of Pumps

▣ What is a Pump?

A pump is a type of rotating equipment that transfers incompressible fluids (liquids) from a lower-pressure area to a higher-pressure area. This is achieved by using a driver (motor) to either rotate an impeller or generate reciprocating motion with a piston or plunger.

Applications:

• Supplying and circulating raw materials
• Shipping products
• Chemical injection, etc.

 

 

▣ Basic Components of a Centrifugal Pump

 

 

 

▣ Classification by Operating Principle

 

 

▣ Classification by the Presence of Guide Vanes (Centrifugal Pump)

 

 

 

▣ Classification by Suction Type (Centrifugal Pump)

 

 

 

▣ Classification by Flow Direction (Centrifugal Pump)

 

 

 

 

▣ Classification by Number of Stages (Centrifugal Pump)

 

 

▣ Classification by Impeller Shape (Centrifugal Pump)

 

 

▣ Classification by Casing Shape (Centrifugal Pump)

 

 

▣ Classification by Pump Shaft Orientation (Centrifugal Pump)

 

 

Pump Types and Classification

• Dynamic Pump
  • Radial Flow
    • Volute Pump
    • Diffuser (or Turbine) Pump
  • Mixed Flow
    • Mixed Flow Pump
  • Axial Flow
    • Propeller Pump
• Positive Displacement Pump
  • Rotary Type
    • Gear Pump
    • Lobe Pump
    • Screw Pump
    • Vane Pump
  • Reciprocating Type
    • Piston Pump
    • Plunger Pump
    • Diaphragm Pump
• Special Type Pump
  • Special Type
    • Cascade Pump
    • Jet Pump
    • Air Lift Pump
    • Hydraulic Ram Pump
    • Vacuum Pump

 

 

▣ Centrifugal Pump (OH2)

 

 

▣ Centrifugal Pump - Volute Pump and Turbine Pump

 

 

▣ Reciprocating Pump - Piston and Plunger Types

 

 

▣ Reciprocating Pump - Diaphragm Type

 

▣ Rotary Pump - Gear Type

 

 

▣ Pump Standards by Country and Associations (KS, JIS, ISO, API, ANSI, ASME, HIS & NFPA)

• KS: Korean Industrial Standards
• JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards
• ISO: International Organization for Standardization
• API: American Petroleum Institute
• ANSI: American National Standards Institute
• ASME: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
• HIS: Hydraulic Institute Standards
• NFPA: National Fire Protection Association

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▣ KS Pump Standards (JIS Standards)

KS StandardStandard NameJIS Standard

KS B 6301	Centrifugal, Mixed, and Axial Pumps Testing	JIS B 8301
KS B 6302	Pump Discharge Rate Measurement Method	JIS B 8302
KS B 6303	Testing of Boiler Feedwater Centrifugal Pumps	JIS B 8303
KS B 6305	Testing of Self-Priming Centrifugal Pumps	JIS B 8305
KS B 6306	Testing of Oil Centrifugal Pumps	JIS B 8306
KS B 6308	Testing of Reciprocating Pumps	JIS B 8311

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▣ ISO Pump Standards

ISO StandardStandard Name

ISO 13709	Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Natural Gas Industries
ISO 2548	Centrifugal, Mixed, and Axial Pumps (Class C)
ISO 2858	End-Suction Centrifugal Pumps (Rating 16 Bar)
ISO 5199	Technical Specifications for Centrifugal Pumps – Class II
ISO 3555	Centrifugal, Mixed, and Axial Pumps – Code for Acceptance Tests – Class B

 

 

▣ API Pump Standards

API StandardStandard Name

API 610	Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Natural Gas Industries
API 611	General Purpose Steam Turbines for Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Natural Gas Industries
API 614	Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing, and Oil Control Systems
API 670	Machinery Protection Systems
API 671	Special Purpose Couplings for Refinery and Petrochemical Industries
API 674	Positive Displacement Pumps – Reciprocating
API 675	Positive Displacement Pumps – Controlled Volume
API 676	Positive Displacement Pumps – Rotary
API 682	Pump Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps

Note: API pumps, often referred to as "Heavy Duty Pumps," are used in critical, hazardous, and toxic services, especially in petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries.

 

▣ Other International Standards

Standard NumberStandard Name

ANSI/ASME B73.1	Specification for Horizontal End-Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process
ANSI/ASME B73.2	Specification for Vertical In-Line Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process
HIS	Hydraulic Institute Standard
NFPA 20	National Fire Protection Association (Comprehensive regulation of firefighting pumps and peripheral systems)

Note: ANSI/ASME standards apply to general and chemical pumps, typically used for non-critical, non-hazardous services.