Rotating Equipment

◈ Classification of Rotating Equipment

1. Driving Equipment and Driven Equipment
2. Fluid Machinery

These are mechanical devices that transfer mechanical energy to a fluid, thereby increasing its pressure (or decreasing it to create a vacuum) and transporting it, or conversely, devices that convert the energy contained in a fluid into power (prime movers).

• Incompressible Fluid (Liquid) Machinery: Pump
• Compressible Fluid (Gas) Machinery: Fan, Blower, Compressor, Steam Turbine, etc.

- Industrial Machinery for Solid Handling

Examples: Mixer, Crusher, etc.

- Internal Combustion Engines and External Combustion Engines

 

 

◈ Types of Rotating Equipment

 

 

▣ Pump: Transporting Liquid (Incompressible Fluid)

• By Operating Principle:
  • Centrifugal Pump
  • Positive Displacement Pump
  • Special Pump
• By Motion Type:
  • Rotary Pump
  • Reciprocating Pump

Centrifugal Pump - Illustration

• a. Volute Centrifugal Pump Cross Section

 

 

 

▣ Fan and Blower: Transporting Gas, Mainly Air (Ventilation), with Slight Pressure Increase

• Pressure Ratio:
  • Fan: Below 1.11 - Used for ventilation
  • Blower: 1.11 ~ 1.20 - Used for blowing
  • Compressor: Above 1.20 - Used for compression
• Classification:
  • Centrifugal Fan
  • Axial Fan
  • Propeller
  • Roots Blower (Positive Displacement Type)

A Roots blower with two-lobed rotors. Most real Roots blowers' rotors have three or four lobes.

 

 

▣ Compressor: Compressing Gas (Compressible Fluid)

• Dynamic Compressor:
  A rotary compressor that continuously accelerates gas to increase kinetic energy and simultaneously converts this kinetic energy into pressure energy.
  • Centrifugal Compressor
  • Axial Flow Compressor
  • Mixed Flow Compressor
• Positive Displacement Compressor:
  A rotary machine that compresses gas by filling a fixed space sequentially or continuously and then trapping it to increase the pressure.
  • Reciprocating
  • Diaphragm
  • Screw
  • Sliding Vane
  • Rotary Piston Type, etc.

Main Types of Gas Compressor

Centrifugal Gas Compressor

Close Type / Open Type Impellers for Centrifugal Compressor

A motor-driven six-cylinder reciprocating compressor that can operate with two, four, or six cylinders.

Reciprocating Piston Compressor

 

 

▣ Turbine

A rotating machine (driving equipment) that converts the energy contained in a fluid into mechanical energy to generate power.

• Water Turbine: Hydraulic Turbine
• Steam Turbine: Steam
• Gas Turbine: Combustion Gas
• Expander: Generates power by expanding high-pressure gas (Main purpose: to lower the gas temperature through expansion)
• Wind Turbine: Device that converts wind power into mechanical rotational energy

Steam Turbine

Gas Turbine

Gas Turbine

Gas Turbine

Wind Turbine

 

 

▣ Others

• Agitator
• Centrifuge